The Nilo-Saharan languages are a group of African languages spoken mainly in the upper parts of the Chari and Nile rivers, including Nubia. Roughly 11 million people spoke Nilo-Saharan languages as of 1987, according to Merritt Ruhlen's estimate. The family is internally extremely diverse - far more so than Indo-European, or even Niger-Congo - and is rather controversial; few historical linguists have attempted work on the family as a whole, and several have denied its validity. Particularly controversial is the inclusion of Songhay.
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Berta
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Lendu
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Bendi, Lendu, Ngiti
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Mangbetu
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Asoa, Lombi, Mangbetu
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Mangbutu-Efe
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Efe, Lese, Mamvu, Mangbutu, Mvuba, Ndo
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Moru-Madi
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- Central: Aringa, Avokaya, Keliko, Logo, Lugbara, Omi,
- Northern: Ma'di,
- Southern: Southern Ma'di, Olu'bo, Moru
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West (43)
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- Bongo-Bagirmi
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Bongo-Baka
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Baka, Bongo, Jur Modo, Beli, Mo'da, Morokodo, Nyamusa-Molo, Mittu
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Kara
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Furu, Gula, Yuru
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Sara-Bagirmi
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- Bagirmi: Bemde, Bagirmi, Berakou, Disa, Gula, Jaya, Kenga, Naba,
- Sara: Bedjond, Dagba, Gor, Gulay, Horo, Kaba, Laka, Mango, Sar, Mbay, Ngam, Sara Dunjo, Kaba Deme, Kaba Na, Kulfa, Sara Kaba, Ngambay, Lutos, Vale,
- Birri, Fongoro
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Sinyar
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Sinyar
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Eastern Jebel
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Aka, Kelo, Molo, Gaam
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Nara
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Nara
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Nubian
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- Central:Birked, Kenuzi-Dongola, Ghulfan, Kadaru, Dilling, Dair, El Hugeirat, Karko, Wali,
- Northern: Nobiin,
- Western: Midob
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Surmic
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- North: Majang,
- South: Kwegu, Me'en, Mursi, Suri, Didinga, Narim, Murle, Tennet, Kacipo-Balesi
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Ik
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Ik
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Ngangea-So
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Nyang'i, Soo
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Eastern
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- Bari: Bari, Kakwa, Mandari,
- Lotuxo-Teso: Dongotono, Lokoya, Lango, Otuho, Lopit, Maasai, Ngasa, Samburu, Teso, Karamojong, Nyangatom, Toposa, Turkana
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Southern
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- Kalenjin: Kupsabiny, Sabaot, Endo, Talai, Aramanik, Kalenjin, Kisankasa, Mediak, Mosiro, North Tugen, Okiek, Pökoot,
- Tatoga: Datooga, Omotik
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Western
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- Dinka-Nuer: South Central Dinka, Southwestern Dinka, Northeastern Dinka, Northwestern Dinka, Southeastern Dinka, Reel, Nuer,
- Luo: Southeastern Dinka, Reel, Nuer, Anuak, Belanda Bor, Luwo, Burun, Jumjum, Mabaan, Shiluk, Thuri, Päri, Adhola, Kumam, Alur, Acholi, Lango, Luo
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Daju
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Logorik, Shatt, Baygo, Dar Daju Daju, Dar Fur Daju, Dar Sila Daju, Njalgulgule
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Nyimang
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Afitti, Ama
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Tama
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Mararit, Assangori, Tama
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Temein
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Tese, Temein
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Gumuz
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Gumuz
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Koman
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Gule, Kwama, Opuuo, Uduk, Komo
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Karanga
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Mabang
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Kendeje, Maba, Marfa, Massalat, Masalit, Surbakhal, Kibet, Runga.
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Eastern
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Berti, Zaghawa
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Western
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Bilma Kanuri, Kanembu, Manga Kanuri, Central Kanuri, Tumari Kanuri, Dazaga, Tedaga.
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Korandje
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Northern
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Tadaksahak, Tasawaq
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Southern
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Dendi, Zarma, Songhay, Koyra Chiini Songhay, Koyraboro Senni Songhay.
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Unclassified
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Kanga, Keiga, Krongo, Shabo, Tumtum, Tulishi, Katcha-Kadugli-Miri.
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