Sino-Tibetan Sub Families
(403 Languages)
The Sino-Tibetan languages form a language family composed of Chinese and the Tibeto-Burman languages, including some 250 languages of East Asia. They are second only to the Indo-European languages in terms of their number of speakers. Many of the better known Sino-Tibetan languages are tonal. However, tone may evolve quickly and is often an areal feature, and thus poor evidence for a genealogical relationship. For example, while standard Lhasa Tibetan is tonal, other Tibetan dialects are not; and several reconstructions of Old Chinese do not require tone: Tone appears to have developed to compensate for the loss of consonantal distinctions.
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Chinese
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Min Dong Chinese, Jinyu Chinese, Mandarin Chinese, Pu-Xian Chinese, Huizhou Chinese, Min Zhong Chinese, Dungan, Gan Chinese, Hakka Chinese, Xiang Chinese, Min Bei Chinese, Min Nan Chinese, Wu Chinese, Yue Chinese.
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Central Bai, Northern Bai, Southern Bai
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Himalayish (145)
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- Mahakiranti (51)
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Kham-Magar-Chepang-Sunwari
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- Chepang: Bujhyal, Chepang, Kusunda, Wayu,
- Kham: Gamale Kham, Eastern Parbate, Sheshi Kham, Western Parbate,
- Magar: Eastern Magar, Western Magar, Raji,
- Sunwari: Bahing, Sunwar
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Kiranti
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- Eastern: Athpariya, Bantawa, Belhariya, Chhintange, Chhulung, Chukwa, Eastern Meohang, Kulung, Northern Lorung, Limbu, Lambichhong, Southern Lorung, Lumba-Yakkha, Moinba, Nachering, Pongyong, Phangduwali, Puma, Dungmali, Camling, Western Meohang, Saam, Sampang, Waling, Yakha, Yamphu, Yamphe,
- Western: Dumi, Jerung, Koi, Khaling, Lingkhim, Raute, Thulung, Tilung, Wambule,
- Tomyang
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Newari
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Niwar
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Lepcha
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Lepcha
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Tibetic
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- Bodish: Tshangla,
- Dhimal: Dhimal, Toto,
- Tamangic: Chantyal, Eastern Gurung, Southern Ghale, Northern Ghale, Kutang Ghale, Western Gurung, Manangba, Nar Phu, Seke, Eastern Tamang, Western Tamang, Eastern Gorkha Tamang, Thakali, Northwestern Tamang, Southwestern Tamang,
- Tibetan: Atuence, Central Tibetan, Dolpo, Humla, Jad, Kyerung, Nubri, Lhomi, Lowa, Mugom, Walungge, Panang, Stod Bothi, Helambu Sherpa, Spiti Bhoti, Kagate, Tichurong, Tseku, Tsum, Dakpakha, Bumthangkha, Nyenkha, Nupbikha, Olekha, Chalikha, Khengkha, Kurtokha, Gongduk, Lhokpu, Amdo Tibetan, Choni, Khams Tibetan, Adap, Brokkat, Chocangacakha, Dzongkha, Groma, Jirel, Lakha, Lunanakha, Layakha, Brokpake, Sikkimese, Sherpa, Naaba, Sherdukpen, Thudam, Balti, Changthang, Ladakhi, Takpa, Purik, Zangskari
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Unclassified
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Dzalakha
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Western Himalayish
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Baima
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Jingpho-Luish
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- Jingpho: Jingpho, Singpho, Taman,
- Luish: Kado
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Konyak-Bodo-Garo
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- Bodo-Garo: Bodo, Deori, Dimasa, Tiwa, Riang, Kok Borok, Kachari, Garo, Megam, A'tong, Koch, Rabha, Ruga,
- Konyak: Chang Naga, Konyak Naga, Nocte Naga, Khiamniungan Naga, Wancho Naga, Phom Naga, Tase Naga
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Pa'o
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Pa'o Karen
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Pwo
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Pwo Eastern Karen, Phrae Pwo Karen, Pwo Western Karen, Pwo Northern Karen
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Sgaw-Bghai
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- Bghai: Lahta Karen, Kayan, Bwe Karen, Geko Karen, Geba Karen,
- Brek: Brek Karen,
- Kayah: Manumanaw Karen, Yinbaw Karen, Yintale Karen, Eastern Kayah, Western Kayah,
- Sgaw: Paku Karen, S'gaw Karen, Wewaw
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Unclassified
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Zayein Karen
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Kuki-Chin-Naga (74)
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Kuki-Chin (49)
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Central
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Bawm Chin, Haka Chin, Ngawn Chin, Senthang Chin, Tawr Chin, Zotung Chin, Darlong, Hmar, Mizo, Pankhu
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Northern
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Aimol, Anal, Biete, Falam Chin, Paite Chin, Siyin Chin, Tedim Chin, Thado Chin, Chiru, Gangte, Hrangkhol, Kom, Langkang, Chothe Naga, Kharam Naga, Monsang Naga, Moyon Naga, Purum Naga, Tarao Naga, Purum, Ralte, Sakechep, Simte, Vaiphei, Yos, Zome
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Southern
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Khumi Awa Chin, Khumi Chin, Daai Chin, Mara Chin, Mro Chin, Mün Chin, Nga La, Bualkhaw Chin, Chinbon Chin, Asho Chin, Shendu, Welaung, Zyphe
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Naga
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- Angami-Pochuri: Angami Naga, Chokri Naga, Khezha Naga, Mao Naga, Northern Rengma Naga, Pochuri Naga, Poumei Naga, Southern Rengma Naga, Sumi Naga,
- Ao: Ao Naga, Lotha Naga, Sangtam Naga, Yimchungru Naga,
- Tangkhul: Khoibu Naga, Maring Naga, Tangkhul Naga,
- Unclassified: Puimei Naga,
- Zeme: Koireng, Inpui Naga, Liangmai Naga, Maram Naga, Mzieme Naga, Rongmei Naga, Thangal Naga, Zeme Naga
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Lolo-Burmese (73)
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Burmish (14)
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Northern
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Achang, Hpon, Lashi, Maru, Pela, Zaiwa
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Southern
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Arakanese, Burmese, Chaungtha, Intha, Taungyo, Tavoyan, Yangbye
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Unclassified
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Xiandao
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Northern
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- Lisu: Lisu, Lipo,
- Yi: Central Yi, Dayao Yi, Miqie Yi, Southern Lolopho Yi, Naluo Yi, Wumeng Yi, Wuding-Luquan Yi, Wusa Yi, Sichuan Yi, Laghuu, Southern Yi, Mantsi, Awu Yi, Axi Yi, Azhe Yi, Sani Yi, Eshan-Xinping Yi, Yuanjiang-Mojiang Yi, Xishan Lalu Yi, Eastern Lalu Yi, Western Lalu Yi, Western Yi, Guizhou Yi, Southeastern Lolo Yi,
- Samei
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Southern
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- Akha: Biyo, Kaduo, Honi, Akha, Hani, Sansu, Sila, Lahu Shi, Lahu, Mahei, Phana',
- Phunoi: Bisu, Côông, Mpi, Phunoi, Pyen,
- Buyuan Jinuo, Youle Jinuo, Ugong
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Unclassified
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Laopang, Lopi, Nusu, Zauzou
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Ache Yi, Poluo Yi, Limi Yi, Mili Yi, Muji Yi, Pula Yi, Puwa Yi
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Deng
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Darang Deng, Geman Deng
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Tani
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Adi, Galo Adi, Apatani, Bugun, Idu-Mishmi, Nisi, Digaro-Mishmi, Miri, Miju-Mishmi, Na, Sulung
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Drung, Lama, Norra, Nung, Rawang
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Qiangic
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Northern Qiang, Ersu, Guiqiong, Muya, Nayumi, Northern Pumi, Southern Pumi, Queyu, Southern Qiang, Shixing, Zhaba
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rGyarong
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Horpa, Shangzhai, Guanyingqiao, Jiarong
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Tujia
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Northern Tujia, Southern Tujia
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Anu, Ayi, Hruso, Khamba, Lui, Palu, Pao, Sajalong, Zahkring
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